MANAJEMEN RISIKO USAHA AYAM RAS PETELUR: STUDI KASUS BUMDES NAWASENA DI DESA KUTAWIS KECAMATAN BUKATEJA KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA

ABSTRAK Manajemen Risiko Usaha Ayam Ras Petelur: Studi Kasus BUMDes Nawasene Di Desa Kutawis Kecamatan Bukateja Kabupaten Purbalingga Nur Aziz Wahyu Pratama Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis risiko usaha dan penerapan manajemen risiko pada peternakan ayam ras petelur BUMDes Nawasena di Desa Kutawis, Kecamatan Bukateja, Kabupaten Purbalingga. Usaha ini didirikan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan desa, namun menghadapi fluktuasi produksi daerah yang sangat tajam. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan satu orang pengurus BUMDes dan dua orang pekerja harian kandang sebagai responden utama. Data primer diperoleh secara langsung melalui observasi fisik, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari literatur ilmiah pendukung. Analisis data menerapkan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang divalidasi keabsahannya menggunakan metode triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian berhasil mengidentifikasi delapan sumber risiko utama: kebisingan (R1), penyakit kolera (R2), cuaca ekstrem (R3), kanibalisme (R4), kenaikan harga pakan (R5), kelainan fisik/dobolen (R6), kurangnya kebersihan kandang (R7), dan defisiensi asupan nutrisi (R8). Pengukuran skala dampak kerugian (skala 1–5) menempatkan serangan penyakit kolera sebagai risiko paling kritis (skala 1), diikuti kebisingan, cuaca ekstrem, dan defisiensi nutrisi pada skala 2 (kerugian besar). Pengelola BUMDes telah menerapkan berbagai mitigasi praktis yang cukup efektif, seperti terapi pembiasaan akustik musik keras untuk mengatasi stres suara ayam, peningkatan biosekuriti sanitasi, suplementasi elektrolit dan kalsium harian, metode rolling pasangan ayam untuk menekan kanibalisme, serta pencarian supplier alternatif yang menawarkan pakan ekonomis berkualitas tinggi. Penerapan manajemen risiko yang sistematis (identifikasi, pengukuran, mitigasi, dan monitoring berkala) telah berjalan dengan baik serta mampu menjaga produktivitas harian 1.000 ekor ayam secara optimal. BUMDes Nawasena direkomendasikan untuk memperkuat tindakan preventif secara dini, menerapkan strategi multimitigasi yang lebih komprehensif, serta tetap mengawasi risiko skala kecil agar tidak berakumulasi menjadi ancaman besar bagi keberlanjutan investasi ekonomi desa. Kata Kunci: analisis risisko, peternakan ayam, manajemen risiko, risiko produksi

ABSTARCT Business Risk Management for Commercial Laying Hens: A Case Study of BUMDes Nawasene in Kutawis Village, Bukateja District, Purbalingga Regency Nur Aziz Wahyu Pratama This study aims to analyze the types of business risks and the implementation of risk management in the BUMDes Nawasena laying-hen farm in Kutawis Village, Bukateja District, Purbalingga Regency. The business was established to support village food security; however, it faces substantial fluctuations in local production. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using purposive sampling, involving one BUMDes administrator and two daily poultry-house workers as the primary respondents. Primary data were collected directly through physical observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while secondary data were obtained from relevant supporting scientific literature. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model, with data validity assessed through source triangulation. The results identified eight major sources of business risk: noise (R1), fowl cholera (R2), extreme weather (R3), cannibalism (R4), increases in feed prices (R5), physical abnormalities/dobolen (R6), inadequate poultry-house cleanliness (R7), and nutritional intake deficiencies (R8). The assessment of the loss impact scale (1–5) indicated that fowl cholera was the most critical risk (scale 1), followed by noise, extreme weather, and nutritional deficiencies, which were classified as scale 2 (major losses). BUMDes managers have implemented various practical and relatively effective mitigation measures, including acoustic habituation therapy using loud music to reduce chickens' stress responses to noise, improved sanitary biosecurity, daily electrolyte and calcium supplementation, a rolling pairing method to reduce cannibalism, and the identification of alternative suppliers offering high-quality feed at affordable prices. The systematic implementation of risk management, including risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and periodic monitoring, has been carried out effectively and has contributed to maintaining the optimal daily productivity of 1,000 laying hens. BUMDes Nawasena is recommended to strengthen early preventive measures, implement more comprehensive multi-mitigation strategies, and continue monitoring low-level risks to prevent their accumulation into major threats to the sustainability of village economic investments. Keywords: risk analysis, breed chicken, risk management, risk production